A broken or chipped tooth can happen quickly, like when you bite a hard candy, fall down, or get hurt while playing sports. While some chips are minor cosmetic issues, others are painful emergencies needing urgent care. This post helps you assess the severity, offers first-aid tips, and explains when to see a dentist to prevent complications like infection or tooth loss.
Evaluate the damage first. A minor chip, like a small edge flake with no pain, is rarely urgent and can wait a few days for bonding or smoothing. However, a fracture exposing the tooth’s inner layers (dentin or pulp) causes sharp pain, sensitivity to hot or cold, or bleeding, signaling an emergency. Breaks affecting the root or loosening the tooth require same-day care to avoid infection. For example, a cracked molar from chewing ice might expose nerves, needing a crown or root canal.
After an injury, rinse your mouth gently with warm water to help clean the area and reduce the risk of bacteria. If you find broken pieces of a tooth, put them in milk or salty water to help keep them safe in case the dentist can reattach them. If the broken tooth has sharp edges, cover them with dental wax or sugar-free gum to protect your tongue and cheeks from getting hurt. These are available at pharmacies and can help create a smooth surface on your braces or dental appliance. Apply a cold compress to your face for 15-minute intervals to reduce swelling, and take ibuprofen for pain. Avoid chewing on the injured side and eat soft foods like yogurt or soup.
Seek a dentist immediately if you have pain, sensitivity, or visible nerve exposure—same-day care is ideal. For minor chips, schedule within a few days to prevent decay or further cracking. Your dentist may use bonding, a veneer, or a crown for repairs, depending on the break’s extent. Delaying risks infection, as bacteria can enter exposed areas, potentially causing an abscess.
Prevent broken or chipped teeth by avoiding hard foods like popcorn kernels or ice and wearing a custom mouthguard during sports or if you grind your teeth at night. Regular dental checkups can identify weak teeth, such as those with large fillings, that are prone to breaking. Keep a dental first-aid kit with wax and gauze, and save your dentist’s emergency number.
